Migraines in children: just headaches or a sign of something bigger?

Headaches are common in all of us, but not all headaches are the same.

Coming in hot at number 10 on the pain scale, we’ve got a migraine. That’s not fun for anyone, and it can really knock you out (figuratively speaking). Coming in at number 1 can be a niggle headache solved with a glass of water, a meal or some fresh air. We can deal with them.

The range between these two can vary significantly.

In your school, staff may notice pupils regularly visiting the first-aid room, asking to lie down, or struggling with light, noise or concentration. These could be signs of migraines in school children, rather than everyday headaches.

Understanding the difference helps schools support pupils appropriately and communicate effectively with families.

Headache or migraine? What’s the difference?

A simple headache may be caused by dehydration, tiredness, stress or screen use. Migraines, however, are a neurological condition and can significantly impact a child’s learning and wellbeing.

It’s easy to see the difference. Migraines can last from hours to days and may occur repeatedly.

Migraines don’t just cause pain — they can affect:

➡️ Attendance
➡️ Concentration and memory
➡️ Emotional wellbeing
➡️ Participation in lessons and activities

Pupils with migraines may appear withdrawn, tired or distressed, particularly during or after an episode.

What can trigger migraines in children?

Triggers vary between individuals but may include:

➡️ Stress or anxiety
➡️ Lack of sleep
➡️ Dehydration
➡️ Skipped meals
➡️ Bright lights or noise
➡️ Screen use

Schools don’t need to diagnose migraines, but recognising patterns can support appropriate next steps.

What schools can do

Schools play a supportive, not diagnostic, role.

1. Record and monitor

Log headache or migraine-related visits to first aid. Repeated patterns may indicate a need for parental follow-up.

2. Provide a calm response

During an episode:

👉  Allow rest in a quiet, dimly lit area
👉  Encourage hydration (if appropriate)
👉 Avoid strong lights or noise

Follow the school’s health and medication policies at all times.

3. Communicate with parents

If migraines are suspected:

✅ Share observations, not diagnoses
✅ Highlight frequency or triggers noticed in school
✅ Encourage families to speak to their GP

Clear, factual communication builds trust.

4. Support ongoing needs

For pupils with diagnosed migraines:

✅ Follow agreed healthcare or care plans
✅ Be mindful of known triggers
✅ Offer flexibility where possible during recovery

When to seek further advice

Schools should escalate concerns if a child:

➡️ Has very severe or worsening headaches.
➡️ Experiences headaches with fever, confusion or injury.
➡️ Has headaches that regularly disrupt learning.

In these cases, parents should be advised to seek medical advice.

Resources for schools

The below resources can be shared through staff and parent newsletters or other school communication channels to raise awareness, support early recognition, and promote consistent, informed support for students.

1. Headache vs Migraine: Quick Guide for School Staff

2. Parent Information Sheet – Migraines in Children